Thursday, April 7, 2016

FORM FOUR LEARNERS

COMPOSITION



2. Expository composition
Is a report that shares your knowledge or ideas about a topic with a reader. Expository composition must have several paragraphs. Some expository compositions describe a situation, while others explain a sequence of events. A good expository composition is clearly written and easy to understand. One way to show how your ideas connect to each other is to use transitional words. These words are especially useful when starting a new paragraph.  For examples:
        i.            To add another example or to add emphasis: also, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, again, etc.
  1. To show how one event is related to another: accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, otherwise, so then, therefore, thus, thereupon.
  2. To summarize: after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by and large, in any case, in any events, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, to sum up, to summarize, finally.
  3.  To compare and contrast. Conversely, instead, likewise, on one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, rather, similarly, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, in contrast, by the same token.
  4.  To show a sequence of events: at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time, for now, for the time being, the next step, in time, in turn, later on, meanwhile, next, then, soon, the meantime, later, while, earlier, simultaneously, afterward, in conclusion.




1.   Before you write an expository composition
a)    Find the topic you want to write about. What events do you think are important? Spend a few minutes “free writing” about the sequence of event.  Do not worry about spelling, neatness or punctuation.
How do you “free write”? Just take a pen and a notebook and write whatever comes to your mind about your topic. Keep writing for five minutes without stopping. The aim of writing is to get your ideas flowing.
b) Now read what you have written. You might want to circle the sentences or phrases that you think are most important. Organize your ideas into an outline.
c) Using a two – column graphic organizer, write down your main ideas, supporting details, and your concluding thought. Remember to include a transitional word in each paragraph.
2.   Writing
Once you have made an outline for your expository composition, it’s time to write a first draft. Use your outline to write one paragraph at a time. Each paragraph should contain a main idea, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence.
Think about how your paragraphs link together. Use transitional words to show the connections between your paragraphs. Do not worry about any spelling or grammar mistakes.
3.   editing
Read the first draft of your expository composition. You might even read aloud to a friend or teacher. While reading conceder:
a)    Does your 1st paragraph introduce your reader to the main idea? Is your main idea clear?

b)      Do the next paragraphs show a sequence of event? Do they help the reader understand your main idea more fully than if they just read the first paragraph?
c)    Does your last paragraph summarize the main idea and supporting details? Do they leave the reader with clear idea of your message?
d)    Have you used transitional words in your composition? Do they help to make your composition flow?
e)    Give your composition a title. Your title should tell the reader what the composition is mainly about.
f)     Re writes your composition so that it fulfills all of these goals.

4.   Final draft
Now copy a final version of your expository composition in your best handwriting or print it from a computer. Read your final draft twice. The 1st time check your composition reads the way you want it to and the 2nd time, check that there are no spelling or punctuation errors.

Expository composition
I was driving on a two-lane road winding through the Chester Country, Pennsylvania, countryside with houses on either side or an unbroken yellow line in the middle of the road. That yellow line meant to me, “Do not pass.” I was behind a red Dodge pickup truck that was moving at exactly the speed limit of 25 miles an hour. I thought the driver could have driven a little faster. After all, the police do not pick you up unless you are going more than 10 miles over the speed limit, and the road, as far as I could see, was straight and clear.
However, the driver ahead of me steadfastly maintained his speed at 25 miles an hour. I relaxed and decided to follow at a safe distance.
            “Oh, oh,” I said to myself as I looked in the rear view mirror. Another pickup truck was barreling up the road behind me and slowed only when he was inches from my bumper. Impatiently, the driver of the truck behind me kept moving his vehicle out into middle of the road, looking beyond my car. What could I do? The truck in front of me continued to drive at exactly the speed limit 25 miles per hour. I could feel the frustration and anger of the driver behind me
Suddenly, ignoring the yellow line, the driver of the truck behind me pulled out and began to pass. At exactly that moment, the driver of the truck in front of me put on his left – turn signal and started to turn into a driveway of the house on the left. You guessed it! The truck from behind me plowed broadside into the truck ahead of me as he pulled into the driveway. Luckily, nobody was hurt, but this incident illustrates the types of driving habits that cause accidents.

4. Argumentative composition
Is a type of writing aimed at convincing, motivating, arguing, or persuading readers to accept, changing, or take action on something. Example, an essay can be written to persuade, to join a certain political party, or to vote for a certain candidate.


Things to conceder when writing a persuasive composition
  1. Varied opinions about the topic. You must argue for a point and try to convince readers to support your opinion. Example, “It would be pointless to argue that the sun rises in the west and set in the east, because almost everyone wouldn’t agree with you. However, you might argue on…
     ii.            Audience receptiveness. Take into consideration your audience and their opinions, as well as their age, level of education, sex, problem the accounted when choosing a topic. Example, one can write about HIV/AIDs, importance of education, the problem of pregnancy in primary school.

    iii.            Sufficiency evidence. Provide sufficient evidence to support your arguments. Use inductive and deductive reasoning.


a)       Inductive reasoning. Is reasoning from specific aspects to general aspects. Example, Nadhra is a form four students, she is thief. Khanat is a form four student, she is thief. Kiboko is a form four student, he is thief. Therefore, form four students are thieves.

b) Deductive reasoning. Is reasoning from general facts to specific facts. Form four students are thieves. Aisha is a form four student. Therefore, Aisha is a thief.


4. Organize your arguments.
Organize your argument by; Introducing the issue, State the opinion clearly and directly, Support the position with evidence, Draw conclusion by summarizing the main ideas and Structure of argumentative essay.


a)  introduction.
In introduction give background or an illustrative example to show the significance of the subject.


b. Refutation (refusing)
State the refutation of the opposing views to make your readers aware that you have conceded, but rejected it (them) with good reasons.

c. Presentation of your arguments.
Throughout the body of your essay you should build your case one point at a time, perhaps developing one paragraph to the defense of each of your premises.
d. conclusion
After all your evidence has been presented, put your whole argument together in the last paragraph by showing how the evidence you have presented provides sufficient ground for accepting your conclusion.
Example of argumentative essay:
IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATING GIRLS
Unlike a decade ago, people`s altitude towards girls` education has changed nowadays. While people used to view girls` education as something that could spoil their behaviour, nowadays many parents and guardians are struggling to educate their child – girls. This is because they now the benefits of educating girls.
Awareness towards the importance of girls` education differs from rural to urban areas. In the urban areas, people are more aware than in rural areas. Also the urban areas are more aware…
 

No comments:

Post a Comment